定了就要干 必须现在干( 三 )


— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气 。在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见 。
2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿 。如:
May you succeed!
3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意) 。
He may be very busy now.
4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测 。如:
He may not have finished the work.
[编辑本段]must和have to的用法
1. 表示必须、必要 。(must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客观多一些)如:
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to 。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2. “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测,它的否定或疑问式用can代替must 。
This must be your pen.
3. “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测 。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must 。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4. have to的含义与must相似,两者往往可以互换使用,但have to有各种形式,随have的变化而定 。must与have to有下列几点不同:
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to则往往强调客观需要 。如:
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在,have则有更多的时态形式 。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同 。如:
You mustn't go. 你可不要去 。
You don't have to go. 你不必去 。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must 。如:
Must I clean all the room?
[编辑本段]dare和need的用法
1. need表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替 。如:
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意:needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事” 。如:
You needn't have waited for me.
2. Dare作情态动词时,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用在肯定句中 。如:
How dare you say I'm unfair.
He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3. Dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态、人称和数的变化,所不同的是,作实义动词时,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式 。如:
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don't you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
[编辑本段]shall和should的用法
1. Shall用于之一人称,表示征求对方的意愿 。如:
What shall we do this evening?
2. Shall用于之一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示 。如:
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3. Shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁 。如:
You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允诺)
He shall be punished. (威胁)
4. Should表示劝告、建议、命令,其同义词是ought to;在疑问句中,通常用should代替ought to 。如:
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多,用法较活,现介绍三种其特殊用法 。请看下面的句子:
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为更好再试一试 。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看,你是搞错了 。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做 。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的 。
从以上例句可以看出:情态动词should用于之一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气 。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能 。相当于“万一”的意思 。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气 。如:
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个 ***。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我们 。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间,我就来 。

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