and|美国高中写作5种常见论文类型 was|写作|论文|描述性|soft|知识

在美国上高中，学生需要撰写不同种类的论文作业。理解和掌握这些文章的写作技巧，可以提前了解美高的写作类型。今天，我们将向大家盘点5种常见的美国高中写作论文类型：

Descriptive Essay 描述性散文
Narrative Essay 叙事散文
Expository Essay 说明文
Argumentative Essay 议论文
Analytical Essay 分析性论文

在本文中，我们将详细介绍每一种类型并给出示例，非常适合未来将要前往美国读高中的留学家庭参考。

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Descriptive Essay描述性散文描述性文章要求作者生动地描述一些物体、人物、地点、经历、情感、情况等，但更常见的是描述一些抽象的情感、经历等。
描述性文章允许小作家们发挥创造力并自由表达，特别是当主题是关于他们个人和他们关心的事情时。例如，他们最喜欢的食物或他们的文化。
尽管听起来很容易写，但这种类型的文章通常将检测作者做出适当用词的能力。一篇描述性文章通常从介绍描述的主题或对象开始，然后给出一个整体的画面，接着进入细节的描写。
描述性散文示例(文章来自Yourdictionary)
I watched a thunderstorm, far out over the sea. It began quietly, and with nothing visible except tall dark clouds and a rolling tide. There was just a soft murmur of thunder as I watched the horizon from my balcony. Over the next few minutes, the clouds closed and reflected lightning set the rippling ocean aglow. The thunderheads had covered up the sun, shadowing the vista. It was peaceful for a long time.
I was looking up when the first clear thunderbolt struck. It blazed against the sky and sea; I could see its shape in perfect reverse colors when I blinked. More followed. The thunder rumbled and stuttered as if it could hardly keep up. There were openings in the cloud now, as if the sky were torn, and spots of brilliant blue shone above the shadowed sea.
I looked down then, watching the waves. Every bolt was answered by a moment of spreading light on the surface. The waves were getting rough, rising high and crashing hard enough that I could hear them.
Then came the rain. It came all at once and in sheets, soaking the sand, filling the sea. It was so dense I could only see the lightning as flashes of light. It came down so hard the thunder was drowned. Everything was rhythmic light and shadow, noise and silence, blending into a single experience of all five senses.
In an instant it stopped. The storm broke. The clouds came apart like curtains. The rain still fell, but softly now. It was as if there had never been a storm at all, except for a single signature. A rainbow, almost violently bright, spread above and across the water. I could see the horizon again.
Narrative Essay叙事散文叙事散文和描述性散文非常类似，但更侧重于故事描述而不是对象描述。故事可以是关于作者的个人经历、事件、故事等，作家甚至可以讲述他们没有经历过的虚构经历。叙事散文通常以第一人称写成。例如，高中生申请大学需要撰写的个人陈述，就属于这一类别。
叙事散文的目的不仅是讲述一个故事，而且还强调经验的重要性。因此，要写出一篇完美的叙事文，作者必须在文章中包含背景设置、上下文、情节、结局和高潮等要素。
叙事散文示例(文章来自People’s Republic of Creativity)
Glup, glup.
I sat watching the plunger slowly make its way down the tube and into Miriam’s body. Inside the tube was a clear unknown liquid that would soon be injected into my own body. This was the third time this week, the twelfth time this month, and who knows how many times since we have been trapped in this hell on earth. Each day, we have only been given the bare minimum of food, water, and sleep. I don’t know how much longer we can survive before deemed useless by him.