of|超详细的论文Proposal写作教程( 二 )


创作者在这儿起先描述了科学研究的长期性总体目标 , 这一步学生们有则写 , 没有得话就忽略 。
随后还对在其中涉及到的专业名词开展了表述 , :
Constraint management is defined herein asthe process of identifying,classifying,modeling,and resolving constraints.(管束管理方法在这里界定为鉴别 , 归类 , 模型和处理管束的全过程 。
然后描述科学研究目地:
The objective of the current study is to provide a comprehensive review ofliteratures and industry practices in relation to constraint analysis andoutline a conceptual framework for constraint management.(本科学研究的目地是出示相关管束剖析的参考文献和领域实践活动的全方位具体描述 , 并简述管束管理的概念架构 。 )
这儿创作者也将全部目地分为了好多个子目标 , 学生们一样能够效仿 , 最终别忘记表明难题获得处理后会如何 。
4.Literature Review(参考文献)
参考文献 , 说白了便是对此前的相关科学研究做一个引言 , 她们的科学研究针对难题的处理是不是有协助?
一样 , 以一个事例而言:
A preliminary literature review shows that past studies are primarilyfocused on understanding and modeling a particular type of constraint,suchas technological,contractual,resource,spatial,and information constraints.Limited progress has been made on classifying various constraintsaccording to their characteristics in a comprehensive manner.In terms ofmodeling and resolving constraints,various approaches have beenrecommended.For example,many CPM-based methods are applied to dealwith time-related constraints;knowledge-based systems were used toautomate work plan generation;network-based optimization algorithmswere developed to resolve constraints;and databases and visualizationtechniques,such as三维,5D,and Virtual Reality(VR),are used tocommunicate and visualize constraints.What is missing from the paststudies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing constraints.
创作者一上去就对之前的参考文献开展了简述 , 随后还例举出了一些实际的方式 , 这种全是大家必须做的 。
但关键的是后边 , 由于参考文献的目地不仅是对某一特殊主题风格的很多期刊文章和书本开展简述 , 更关键的是掌握早已对该主题风格开展了什么科学研究 , 随后找到在其中不曾获得处理或是方式不健全的难题 , 大家的论文选题恰好是这种不曾处理的难题 。
如同事例中的一样 , 创作者表明之前的科学研究缺乏的是一种综合性的方式 , 这与以前的难题阐述一部分产生对比 。
What is missing from the past studies is a comprehensive and structured approach in managing constraints in construction projects.(以往的科学研究缺乏的是一种用以管理方法工程项目管束的综合性 , 结构型的方式 。 )
最终 , 参考文献的难题非常复杂 , 事后大家会为大伙儿相赠Literature Review一部分的写作方法 , 热烈欢迎大伙儿不断关心大家 。
5.Methodology(研究思路)
留意在研究思路一部分 , 大家并不是抽象性的表明定性分析法还是定量分析法的难题 , 只是要表明实际的方式和流程 。
还是同一篇proposal为例子:
The primary research method for this study is literature review andconceptual modeling.Constraint identification and classification through astructured approach is the very first step toward a“zero-constraint”environment.This study will first review various types of constraints inconstruction and their characteristics.Based on this understanding,aclassification method will be developed to categorize constraint factors forthe purpose of constraint identification and modeling.In the second stage ofthis study,existing constraint modeling methods will be identified based ona comprehensive review of current industry practices and academicresearches.Finally,once the constraint classification and modelingtechniques are identified,a conceptual framework for total constraintmanagement will be outlined.This study will be conducted betweenSeptember 2010 and May 2011.

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