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英语―什么叫悬垂分词?

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英语―什么叫悬垂分词?

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悬垂分词也就是所指的分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语可以和主句的主语不一致的分词 。高中阶段常见的有:judging
by
/from,considering,providing(如果，有的语法家看作是连词)，talking
of,generally
speakingprovided,supposed等 。
分词或分词短语在句子中作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的，如：Seeing these photos, I couldn’t help thinking of my childhood days. 如果分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这时候我们应该把主语在分词前补充出来，如：All the money having been spent, we started to look for work.这就是分词的独立主格结构 。然而，当分词的主语既非句子的主语，也非独立主格结构，如：Going up thee hill, the city looked more beautiful. 这种分词就叫作垂悬分词 。主要有下面几种：1．垂悬分词引出话题Talking of pop stars, students felt very happy. (谈到……)Getting back to our story, the tiger was killed finally. (回到……)Coming to this question, I say yes. (关于……)2．垂悬分词引出说话的方式Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. (总的来说)Broadly/Roughly speaking, dogs are more faithful to man than cats.(大体上说)Strictly speaking, you can’t do it like that. （严格地说）Putting it mildly, you have caused us some inconvenience. (说得客气点)Exactly speaking, it is two to two. (确切地说)Frankly/ honestly speaking, I don’t agree with you. (坦诚/坦白地说)Biologically speaking, the sentence structure is wrong. (从逻辑上讲)3．垂悬分词引出说话人的依据或视觉Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.(从….. 判断)Compared with your achievement, mine is nothing. (与….. 相比较)Personally speaking, what you said is right.(就我个人而言)Considering the low price, the car is well worth buying. (从……考虑)4．垂悬分词为说话人所说的话的成立提供条件，等于if 或withProviding (that) I am well enough, I will take part in the work. (如果)Supposing (that) it rained, what should we do?（如果、假如）Given better condition, the crops could have grown better. (等于with)5．垂悬分词表示转折，等于sinceGranting that you are right, you shouldn’t get angry.Seeing that he is young and inexperienced, he is not fit for the work.Admitting that he is drunk, that is no excuse.
悬垂分词是泛指这一类结构,除了悬垂现在分词短语、过去分词短语外,它还应包括悬垂不
定式短语、悬垂动名词短语、悬垂省略状语从句等
1．悬垂现在分词短语
/
过去分词短语
如果句子的主语不能充当分词短语的逻辑主
语,就会造成悬垂分词短语.这时句子的主语往
往为物而不是人.如
：
(10)
W
alking along the lake
,the country scenery
presented a lovely show.
(11)
Sitting at the window
,a flock of birds flew
across the sky.
(12)
Weakened by his last illness
,another winter
in this country would kill him.
2.悬垂不定式短语
如果句子的主语在逻辑上不是不定式行为的
发出者,就形成了悬垂不定式短语.如
：
(13)
To speak English well
,a lot of practice is
needed.
(14)
To admit fresh air
,the windows were all
wide open.
3.悬垂动名词短语
悬垂动名词短语通常是指位于介词后的动名
词短语.句子的主语也应与这种动名词构成逻辑
主谓关系,否则就造成悬垂动名词短语.如
：
(15) By
building a railway there,
coal can be
carried out from the mountains.
(16) From
attending the class,
the principles of
physics were made clear.
4.悬垂省略状语从句
如果在悬垂分词短语前加上从属连词,就形
成了悬垂省略状语从句.如
：
(17)
While reading the book
,the door bell rang.
(18)
Though troubled by heavy family cares
,the
【英语―什么叫悬垂分词?】work was done as well as ever.

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