Let the students skim the whole passage and try to work out the meanings of the new words and structures using context.
T: The effect of cholera in the nineteenth century London was devastating. Many people died without knowing the reason. It was doctor John Snow who saved the people. Please look at the screen. Let’s read the whole passage and find answers to the questions.
Show the questions on the screen.
1. What conditions allowed cholera develop?
2. Why do you think people believed that cholera multiplied in the air without reason?
3. What evidence did John Snow gather to convince people that idea 2 was right?
Sample answers:
S1: The dirty water made the cholera develop quickly.
S2: Because people could not understand its cause and could not get it cured. So people imagined that some poisonous gas in the air caused the deaths.
S3: He found that many of the deaths were near the water pump while some areas far away from the water pump had no deaths. So when people were asked not to use the water pump, the disease began to slow down. In this way, John Snow had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
Step Ⅴ Text analyzing
Ask the students to analyze the text in groups.
T: Please look at the chart on the screen. The chart shows that each paragraph of the text explains John Snow’s stages in his research. Please read the text and find out the general idea of each paragraph and match the stage with each paragraph. Discuss it in groups, and then report your answers.
Paragraphs
Stages
General ideas
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sample answers:
S1: My group’s opinion is this: stage one “Find a problem” is expressed in paragraph one. The general idea is like this: John Snow wanted to find the causes of cholera.
S2: Our answer is like this: paragraph two expresses the second stage “Make up a question”. The general idea is like this: John Snow wanted to prove which theory was correct.
S3: “Think of a method” is the third stage. And it is contained in paragraph three. The general idea is like this: John Snow collected data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.
S4: The fourth stage “Collect results” lies in paragraph four. Its general idea is like this: John Snow plotted information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.
S5: Our group believe paragraph five contains the fifth stage of John Snow’s research. The general idea is like this: John Snow analysed the water to see if that was the cause of the illness. So this stage is to “Analyse the results”.
S6: The sixth stage is “Repeat if necessary”. It is contained in the sixth paragraph. The general idea is like this: John Snow tried to find other evidences to confirm his conclusion.
S7: The last paragraph is about the seventh stage “Make a conclusion”. Its general idea is like this: The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera.
Ask some students to put their answers in the chart.
Paragraph
Stages
General ideas
1
Find a problem
The causes of cholera
2
Make up a question
The correct or possible theory
3
Think of a method
Collect data on where people were ill and died and where they got their water
4
Collect results
Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die
5
Analyse the results
Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness
6
Repeat if necessary
Find other evidences to confirm his conclusion
7
Make a conclusion
The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera
T: Now class. Can you tell me what style of the passage belongs to?
S1: I think it is a report.
T: Here are three pieces of writing. They belong to different writing styles. Now read and find out what style each piece belongs to.
Show the chart and three pieces of writing on the screen.
Report
Description
Creative writing
Formal language with few adjectives
Vivid use of words with similes and metaphors
Vivid use of language and more informal style
No speech except
quotations
No speech except to help the description
Speech to show feelings, reactions etc.
Not emotional
Emotional to describe atmosphere
Emotional to describe feelings
Only one main character
No characters
May have several characters
Factual
Not factual but imaginative
Imaginative but can be based on fact
Structural according to experimental method
Not structured
Beginning, middle, end
Past tense and passive voice
Past tense
Past tense
Making Way
Once Goethe(歌德), the great German poet，was walking in a park. He was thinking about something when he noticed he came to a very, very narrow road. Just at that time, a young man came towards him from the other end of the road. It was too narrow for both of them to pass through at the same time. They stopped and looked at each other for a while. Then the young man said rudely，“I never make way for a fool.” But Goethe smiled and said, “I always do.” Then he turned back quickly and walked towards the end of the road.
推荐阅读
- 部编版八年级下册语文教案 八年级下册语文教案
- 农夫与蛇北师大版七年级上册语文教案
- 母鸡教案 母鸡优秀教案
- 花钟教案 花钟的教案
- 囚绿记全程教案 囚绿记全程的教案
- 燕子教案 燕子优秀教案
- 富饶的西沙群岛教案 富饶的西沙群岛优秀教案
- 难忘的泼水节教案 难忘的泼水节优秀教案
- 初二英语下册教案及教学反思 初二英语教案教学反思10篇
- 地震来了怎么办小班教案 地震来了怎么办